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Entering commands on touchscreens can be noisy, but existing interfaces commonly adopt deterministic principles for deciding targets and often result in errors. Building on prior research of using Bayes' theorem to handle uncertainty in input, this paper formalized Bayes' theorem as a generic guiding principle for deciding targets in command input (referred to as "BayesianCommand"), developed three models for estimating prior and likelihood probabilities, and carried out experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of this formalization. More specifically, we applied BayesianCommand to improve the input accuracy of (1) point-and-click and (2) word-gesture command input. Our evaluation showed that applying BayesianCommand reduced errors compared to using deterministic principles (by over 26.9% for point-and-click and by 39.9% for word-gesture command input) or applying the principle partially (by over 28.0% and 24.5%).more » « less
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Smartphones are now a central technology in the daily lives of billions, but it relies on its battery to perform. Battery optimization is thereby a crucial design constraint in any mobile OS and device. However, even with new low-power methods, the ever-growing touchscreen remains the most power-hungry component. We propose an Ultra-Low-Power Mode (ULPM) for mobile devices that allows for touch interaction without visual feedback and exhibits significant power savings of up to 60% while allowing to complete interactive tasks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the screenless ULPM in text-entry tasks, camera usage, and listening to videos, showing only a small decrease in usability for typical users.more » « less
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